Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the measure of the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries as it circulates through the body. It’s a critical health metric, providing insight into heart health, vascular health, and the overall functioning of the cardiovascular system. Here’s a breakdown of blood pressure essentials:

1. Understanding Blood Pressure Readings

• Systolic Pressure (the top number): Measures the pressure in arteries when the heart beats.
• Diastolic Pressure (the bottom number): Measures the pressure in arteries between heartbeats, when the heart is at rest.
• Normal Range: Generally considered to be around 120/80 mm Hg or lower.

2. Blood Pressure Categories

• Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg
• Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
• Hypertension Stage 1: Systolic between 130-139 mm Hg or diastolic between 80-89 mm Hg
• Hypertension Stage 2: Systolic at least 140 mm Hg or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg
• Hypertensive Crisis: Systolic over 180 mm Hg and/or diastolic over 120 mm Hg, requiring immediate medical attention.

3. How Blood Pressure is Measured

• Manual Method: Using a sphygmomanometer (cuff and gauge) and a stethoscope.
• Automated Monitors: Electronic cuffs that inflate and provide digital readings.
• Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM): A wearable device that measures blood pressure at intervals over 24 hours for a more comprehensive assessment.

4. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure

• Diet and Salt Intake: High salt intake can lead to increased blood pressure.
• Physical Activity: Regular activity helps lower blood pressure.
• Weight: Obesity increases the risk of hypertension.
• Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to elevated blood pressure.
• Age and Genetics: Age-related and genetic factors can predispose individuals to high blood pressure.

5. Risks of High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

• Heart Disease: Increased risk of heart attack, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
• Stroke: High blood pressure can lead to blockages or bursting of blood vessels in the brain.
• Kidney Damage: Damaged blood vessels reduce kidney function over time.
• Eye Health: Hypertension can damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision issues.

6. Managing Blood Pressure

• Lifestyle Changes: Reducing salt intake, managing stress, staying active, and eating a balanced diet.
• Medications: Such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or diuretics, often prescribed if lifestyle adjustments aren’t enough.
• Regular Monitoring: Tracking blood pressure at home or with a healthcare provider ensures effective management.

Blood pressure screening is a routine part of preventive healthcare, and keeping it in check is crucial for long-term cardiovascular health.